NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene sequences in Jambi buffalo: Implications for genetic diversity

Abstract

Background: Genetic diversity plays a critical role in the conservation and enhancement of genetic resources, including indigenous livestock populations. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the Jambi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) population based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene. Methods: This study analyzed 93 samples from five subpopulations in Jambi: Tebo (23), Batanghari (21), Merangin (9), Kerinci (13), and Tanjung Jabung Barat (9), as well as comparison samples from North Sumatra/Sumut (6), Banten (4), and Riau (8). Sequencing of the ND1 gene was performed, and the resulting data were analyzed using MEGA11, BioEdit, DnaSP6, and NETWORK software. Results: In this study, seven haplotypes were identified, with haplotype and nucleotide diversity values of 0.1184 and 0.0015, respectively. Analysis of haplotypes indicated that the Jambi buffalo populations (Tebo, Batanghari, and Kerinci) did not receive gene flow from other groups and were probably the original ancestors of other buffalo populations in Jambi Province. Phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed that Jambi buffaloes share common ancestry with populations from China and mainland Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Conclusion: Based on the mitochondrial ND1 gene, the genetic diversity of Jambi buffalo is low. Keywords: Bubalus bubalis, Haplotype diversity, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1