Whole Genome Insights into Genetic Diversity, Introgression, and Adaptation of Hunan Cattle

Abstract

This study focused on the population structure and genetic characteristics of Hunan cattle using whole genomes of 110 individuals from four regions in Hunan. The results indicated that Hunan cattle have a mixed ancestry of taurine and indicine cattle, with high genetic diversity. Several candidate genes under selection associated with desirable traits were identified. Additionally, the study clarified the introgression of wild cattle into domestic Hunan cattle and highlights functionally relevant introgressed regions. These findings suggested that Hunan cattle possess unique genetic characteristics, such as disease resistance, hot environmental adaptability, and high-quality meat; made a substantial contribution to the development of reasonable breeding strategies and resource conservation efforts of Hunan indigenous cattle; and laid a foundation for ensuring their continued contribution to the economy and cultural heritage of the region.