Population Structure Analysis Reveals the Rich Genetic Diversity of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations in Kazakhstan
Dossybayev KPapers in this archive, Tapelov APapers in this archive, Nuraliyeva UPapers in this archive, Moldakhmetova GPapers in this archive, Kapassuly TPapers in this archive, Kozhakhmet APapers in this archive, Krupskiy OPapers in this archive, Torekhanov MPapers in this archive, Taufikh APapers in this archive, Bekman DPapers in this archive, Ualiyeva DPapers in this archive, Kusza SPapers in this archive, Amandykova MPapers in this archive, Bekmanov BPapers in this archive
Abstract
This study examined the genetic diversity and structure of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Kazakhstan, with comparison to samples from Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Georgia. By analyzing both mitochondrial DNA (COI–COII region) and nuclear STR markers, we found that most Kazakhstani populations belong to the Eastern European C lineage, while a few samples show influence from the Western/Northern European M lineage. Our results revealed four main genetic clusters, reflecting regional differentiation, historical gene flow and occasional admixture. These findings highlight the high genetic diversity of honeybees in the region and underscore the importance of conserving local populations for breeding, adaptation and sustainable apiculture.
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