Genetic Diversification and Population Admixture Signatures in Yunnan Native Cattle

Abstract

Yunnan Province in Southwest China serves as a critical biological corridor where diverse cattle lineages overlap. This study utilizes genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism analysis to evaluate the genetic structure and environmental adaptation of eight native cattle breeds across this region. Our results identified a distinct north–south divide in genetic diversity and ancestral admixture. We identified specific genes responsible for cold adaptation in the highlands and heat tolerance in the tropical lowlands, as well as certain genetic variations under balancing selection. These findings reveal the genetic diversity and differentiation among Yunnan native cattle populations. Keywords: genetic diversity, population structure, Yunnan native cattle, balancing selection, positive selection, introgression